Concentration assays for Phosphate / Sulfate / Chloride

 

 

 

 

1.  Phosphate 

 

The MicroMolar Phosphate Assay Reagent is for measurement of 0.2μM – 20μM (micromolar) phosphate. The assay is based on the principle that phosphate interacts with molybdate and forms a blue complex with Malachite Green dye in an acidic solution. The phosphate amount is measured by detection of the light absorbance at 650 nm.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MicroMolar Phosphate Assay Reagent (Catalog No. MPA3000)

Kit components: 450 ml Reagent.

 

 

 

 

 

Measure low phosphate concentrations

 

The NanoMolar Phosphate Assay Kit is for measurement of sub-micromolar (< 1μM) concentrations of phosphate. 

The assay is based on reduction of the fluorescence intensity of the kit reagent by phosphate. It can be used for measurement of ATPase or GTPase activity of protein samples. It is suitable for high throughput screen (HTS) of drug targets with ATPase or GTPase activity. 

Since the assay is ultra-sensitive to phosphate, it is particularly useful to detect ATPase or GTPase activity where a limited level of phosphate is produced. The ATP or GTP concentration used for the assay should be as low as possible because ATP and GTP products contain some phosphate level. The ATP or GTP concentration should be below 50μM. 

The assay is compatible with regular buffers with various concentrations of salts, glycerol (<5%), MgCl2, EDTA, Ethanol, DMSO and 0.005% CHAPS. Most detergents reduce the assay sensitivity. It is not compatible with DTT. TCEP-HCl (< 2 mM) instead of DTT may be used if a reducing reagent is necessary for an enzyme reaction (TCEP-HCl, Thermo Scientific, Catalog No 20490). 

The assay is compatible with 96-well plates (Costar 3915 and Greiner 655076), 384-well plates (Corning 3571, Matrix 4318) and low volume 384-well plates (Matrix 4363). It is not compatible with some plates such as Corning 3676 or Corning 3575.

 

 

 

NanoMolar Phosphate Assay Kit (Catalog No. NPA1000)

Kit components: 100 ml Reagent P1, 1 ml 100x Reagent P2, 0.1 ml 1 mM potassium phosphate.

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.  Sulfate

 

Sulfate plays key roles in metabolism of many important biomolecules including steroids, neurotransmitters, bile acids, glycosaminoglycans and cartilage proteoglycans. The MicroMolar Sulfate Assay Kit (Catalog No MSA200) is designed for measurement of sub-millimolar to millimolar concentrations of sulfate. 

The assay is based on increase of the light scattering at 600 nm of the sulfate precipitation with barium included in Reagent BP. The assay kit can be used for measurements of free sulfate concentrations in biological samples, biochemical reactions, pharmaceutical products and environmental water samples.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MicroMolar Sulfate Assay Kit (Catalog No. MSA200)

Kit components: 40 ml Reagent BP.

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.  Chloride

 

Chloride plays a variety of important physiological roles in the cells. Chloride channels are responsible for cell membrane potential and regulating cell volume. The chloride level in neurons is related to the actions of neurotransmitters glycine and GABA . The chloride level in blood is directly related to the kidney functions. Chlorides are the most common reagents and buffers used in research and the most abundant anion in nature. The MicroMolar Chloride Assay Kit (Catalog number CLA100) provides a quick and simple method for quantification of chloride in a variety of samples. The kit does not contain toxic mercury component. 

It is based on measurement of optical density at 600 nm (OD600) that correlates the chloride concentration in the presence of Reagent CLA. The assay linear range is 0.01 mM – 0.6 mM. Samples with higher chloride concentrations are diluted. The assay is compatible with a HEPES buffer. It is not compatible with EDAT or thiol compounds such as DTT, 2-mercaptoethanol or cysteine.

 

 

 

 

 

MicroMolar Chloride Assay Kit (catalog number CLA100) 

Includes 3 ml of Reagent CLA and 0.1 ml of 10 mM NaCl solution. It is for measurement of 100 samples using 96-well plates. Cuvettes may also be used for measurements.